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What is Change Data Capture?
Change Data Capture (CDC) is a design pattern that tracks row-level changes in a database, inserts, updates, and deletes, and delivers them as a stream of events to downstream systems in real time. Instead of periodically querying for differences, CDC reads the database's transaction log (redo logs in Oracle, WAL in PostgreSQL, binlog in MySQL), capturing every change the moment it's committed.
CDC is the foundation of modern event-driven architectures, enabling real-time data replication, cache invalidation, audit logging, microservice synchronisation, and streaming analytics. In a typical CDC data stack, change events flow from the source database into a message broker, Apache Kafka or Redpanda, and from there into downstream stores such as data lakes built on Apache Iceberg, analytical warehouses, or search indexes. Debezium (open-source) and Oracle GoldenGate (commercial) are the most widely deployed CDC tools for Oracle Database environments.